Código-fonte: Lib/mimetypes.py
O módulo mimetypes converte entre um nome de arquivo ou URL e o tipo MIME associado à extensão do arquivo. As conversões são fornecidas do nome do arquivo para o tipo MIME e da extensão do tipo MIME para o nome do arquivo; codificações não são suportadas para a última conversão.
O módulo fornece uma classe e várias funções convenientes. As funções são a interface normal para este módulo, mas algumas aplicações também podem estar interessadas na classe.
As funções descritas abaixo fornecem a interface principal para este módulo. Se o módulo não foi inicializado, eles chamarão init() se confiarem nas informações init() configuradas.
- mimetypes.guess_type(url, strict=True)¶
Adivinha o tipo de arquivo com base em seu nome de arquivo, caminho ou URL, fornecido por url. A URL pode ser uma string ou um objeto caminho ou similar.
O valor de retorno é uma tupla
(type, encoding)onde o tipo éNonese o tipo não puder ser ser adivinhado (sufixo ausente ou desconhecido) ou uma string no formato'type/subtype', utilizável para um cabeçalho MIME content-type.encoding é
Nonepara nenhuma codificação ou o nome do programa usado para codificar (por exemplo compress ou gzip). A codificação é adequada para uso como cabeçalho Content-Encoding , não como cabeçalho Content-Transfer-Encoding. Os mapeamentos são orientados por tabela. Os sufixos de codificação diferenciam maiúsculas de minúsculas; os sufixos de tipo são testados primeiro com maiúsculas e minúsculas e depois sem maiúsculas.O argumento opcional strict é um sinalizador que especifica se a lista de tipos MIME conhecidos é limitada apenas aos tipos oficiais registrados na IANA. Quando strict é
True(o padrão), apenas os tipos IANA são suportados; quando strict éFalse, alguns tipos MIME adicionais não padronizados, mas geralmente usados, também são reconhecidos.Alterado na versão 3.8: Added support for url being a path-like object.
Obsoleto desde a versão 3.13: Passing a file path instead of URL is soft deprecated.Use guess_file_type() for this.
- mimetypes.guess_file_type(path, *, strict=True)¶
Guess the type of a file based on its path, given by path.Similar to the guess_type() function, but accepts a path instead of URL.Path can be a string, a bytes object or a path-like object.
Adicionado na versão 3.13.
- mimetypes.guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True)¶
Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type, given by type. Thereturn value is a list of strings giving all possible filename extensions,including the leading dot (
'.'). The extensions are not guaranteed to havebeen associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the MIMEtype type by guess_type() and guess_file_type().O argumento opcional strict tem o mesmo significado que com a função guess_type().
- mimetypes.guess_extension(type, strict=True)¶
Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type, given by type. Thereturn value is a string giving a filename extension, including the leading dot(
'.'). The extension is not guaranteed to have been associated with anyparticular data stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type type byguess_type() and guess_file_type().If no extension can be guessed for type,Noneis returned.O argumento opcional strict tem o mesmo significado que com a função guess_type().
Some additional functions and data items are available for controlling thebehavior of the module.
- mimetypes.init(files=None)¶
Initialize the internal data structures. If given, files must be a sequenceof file names which should be used to augment the default type map. If omitted,the file names to use are taken from knownfiles; on Windows, thecurrent registry settings are loaded. Each file named in files orknownfiles takes precedence over those named before it. Callinginit() repeatedly is allowed.
Specifying an empty list for files will prevent the system defaults frombeing applied: only the well-known values will be present from a built-in list.
If files is
Nonethe internal data structure is completely rebuilt to itsinitial default value. This is a stable operation and will produce the same resultswhen called multiple times.Alterado na versão 3.2: Previously, Windows registry settings were ignored.
- mimetypes.read_mime_types(filename)¶
Load the type map given in the file filename, if it exists. The type map isreturned as a dictionary mapping filename extensions, including the leading dot(
'.'), to strings of the form'type/subtype'. If the file filenamedoes not exist or cannot be read,Noneis returned.
- mimetypes.add_type(type, ext, strict=True)¶
Add a mapping from the MIME type type to the extension ext. When theextension is already known, the new type will replace the old one. When the typeis already known the extension will be added to the list of known extensions.
When strict is
True(the default), the mapping will be added to theofficial MIME types, otherwise to the non-standard ones.
- mimetypes.inited¶
Flag indicating whether or not the global data structures have been initialized.This is set to
Trueby init().
- mimetypes.knownfiles¶
List of type map file names commonly installed. These files are typically named
mime.typesand are installed in different locations by differentpackages.
- mimetypes.suffix_map¶
Dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes. This is used to allow recognition ofencoded files for which the encoding and the type are indicated by the sameextension. For example, the
.tgzextension is mapped to.tar.gzto allow the encoding and type to be recognized separately.
- mimetypes.encodings_map¶
Dictionary mapping filename extensions to encoding types.
- mimetypes.types_map¶
Dictionary mapping filename extensions to MIME types.
- mimetypes.common_types¶
Dictionary mapping filename extensions to non-standard, but commonly found MIMEtypes.
An example usage of the module:
>>> import mimetypes>>> mimetypes.init()>>> mimetypes.knownfiles['/etc/mime.types', '/etc/httpd/mime.types', ... ]>>> mimetypes.suffix_map['.tgz']'.tar.gz'>>> mimetypes.encodings_map['.gz']'gzip'>>> mimetypes.types_map['.tgz']'application/x-tar-gz'
Objetos MimeTypes¶
The MimeTypes class may be useful for applications which may want morethan one MIME-type database; it provides an interface similar to the one of themimetypes module.
- class mimetypes.MimeTypes(filenames=(), strict=True)¶
This class represents a MIME-types database. By default, it provides access tothe same database as the rest of this module. The initial database is a copy ofthat provided by the module, and may be extended by loading additional
mime.types-style files into the database using the read() orreadfp() methods. The mapping dictionaries may also be cleared beforeloading additional data if the default data is not desired.The optional filenames parameter can be used to cause additional files to beloaded “on top” of the default database.
- suffix_map¶
Dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes. This is used to allow recognition ofencoded files for which the encoding and the type are indicated by the sameextension. For example, the
.tgzextension is mapped to.tar.gzto allow the encoding and type to be recognized separately. This is initially acopy of the global suffix_map defined in the module.
- encodings_map¶
Dictionary mapping filename extensions to encoding types. This is initially acopy of the global encodings_map defined in the module.
- types_map¶
Tuple containing two dictionaries, mapping filename extensions to MIME types:the first dictionary is for the non-standards types and the second one is forthe standard types. They are initialized by common_types andtypes_map.
- types_map_inv¶
Tuple containing two dictionaries, mapping MIME types to a list of filenameextensions: the first dictionary is for the non-standards types and thesecond one is for the standard types. They are initialized bycommon_types and types_map.
- guess_extension(type, strict=True)¶
Similar to the guess_extension() function, using the tables stored as partof the object.
- guess_type(url, strict=True)¶
Similar to the guess_type() function, using the tables stored as part ofthe object.
- guess_file_type(path, *, strict=True)¶
Similar to the guess_file_type() function, using the tables storedas part of the object.
Adicionado na versão 3.13.
- guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True)¶
Similar to the guess_all_extensions() function, using the tables storedas part of the object.
- read(filename, strict=True)¶
Load MIME information from a file named filename. This uses readfp() toparse the file.
If strict is
True, information will be added to list of standard types,else to the list of non-standard types.
- readfp(fp, strict=True)¶
Carrega informações do tipo MIME de um arquivo aberto fp. O arquivo precisa estar no formato padrão dos arquivos
mime.types.If strict is
True, information will be added to the list of standardtypes, else to the list of non-standard types.
- read_windows_registry(strict=True)¶
Carrega informações do tipo MIME a partir do registro do Windows.
Disponibilidade: Windows.
If strict is
True, information will be added to the list of standardtypes, else to the list of non-standard types.Adicionado na versão 3.2.
